Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Overview
Find out more about age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which mainly affects people over 50 years of age and usually leads to a gradual loss of central vision.
Symptoms
Blurred or distorted central vision; straight lines appearing wavy; difficulty reading; trouble recognizing faces; needing brighter light; difficulty adapting to low light; dark spots in vision; colors appearing less vibrant.
Causes
Age over 50 is main risk factor. Others: genetics/family history; smoking; obesity; cardiovascular disease; high blood pressure; poor diet; sunlight exposure; gender (more common in women).
Treatment
Dry AMD: no specific treatment, low-vision rehabilitation, AREDS2 supplements. Wet AMD: anti-VEGF injections (Aflibercept, Ranibizumab), photodynamic therapy.
Prevention
Don't smoke; maintain healthy weight; exercise regularly; eat fruits/vegetables/fish; control blood pressure and cholesterol; wear UV-blocking sunglasses; have regular eye exams.
When to see a doctor
See optician/GP urgently if: distorted vision; difficulty recognizing faces; sudden vision changes; dark patches in vision. Wet AMD needs urgent treatment.