Chiari malformation
Overview
A Chiari malformation, previously called an Arnold-Chiari malformation, is where the lower part of the brain pushes down into the spinal canal.
Symptoms
Many people with a Chiari I malformation will not have any symptoms. Sometimes they're only found after anMRI scanof the brain is carried out for another reason. If symptoms do develop, they can include: headaches– these are usually felt at the back of the head and may be brought on or made worse by coughing, straining, sneezing or bending overneck paindizziness and balance problemsmuscle weaknessnumbness or tingling in the arms or legsblurred vision,double visionand sensitivity to lightswallowing problemshearing lossandtinnitusfeeling and being sickdifficulty sleeping (insomnia) andclinical depression If you develop syringomyelia, you may also experience problems using your hands, difficulty walking, pain, and problems with bladder or bowel control. If you've been diagnosed with a Chiari malformation, you should contact your doctor for advice if you develop any new symptoms or your symptoms worsen.
Causes
The exact cause of Chiari I malformations is unknown. It tends to be present from birth, but is normally only found in adulthood when symptoms develop or when an MRI scan is done. Many cases are thought to be the result of part of the skull not being large enough for the brain. Chiari I malformations can also develop in people with a tethered spinal cord, a build-up of fluid on the brain (hydrocephalus), and some types of brain tumour. Chiari malformations can sometimes run in families. It's possible that some children born with it may have inherited a faulty gene that caused problems with their skull development. But the risk of passing a Chiari malformation on to your child is very small. And remember: even if your children do inherit it, they may not experience symptoms.
Treatment
Treatment for Chiari I malformation depends on whether you have any symptoms and how severe they are. You might not need any treatment if you do not have any symptoms. Painkillers can help relieve any headaches and neck pain. If your headaches are severe or you have problems caused by the pressure on your spinal cord (such as movement difficulties), surgery may be recommended.