Chickenpox
Overview
Chickenpox is a common infection that spreads easily and mostly affects children. It usually gets better on its own after 1 to 2 weeks without needing to see a GP, but can be serious in some people.
Symptoms
The main symptom of chickenpox is an itchy, spotty rash. It can be anywhere on the body. Before or after the rash appears, you might also have: a high temperatureaches and pains, and generally feel unwellloss of appetite Chickenpox happens in 3 stages, but new spots can appear while others are becoming blisters or forming a scab.
Causes
Caused by varicella-zoster virus. Highly contagious - spreads through airborne droplets (coughing/sneezing) or touching contaminated surfaces. Incubation 10-21 days. Contagious from 1-2 days before rash until all blisters crusted over.
Treatment
No cure. Ease symptoms: paracetamol for fever (avoid ibuprofen unless advised; no aspirin for under 16); calamine lotion/cooling gels for itching; antihistamines; plenty of fluids; cool baths; loose clothing; keep nails short. Adults may get antiviral medicine.
Prevention
Once had chickenpox, usually immune for life (but can reactivate as shingles). Keep infected person home until blisters crusted. Vaccine available (not routine UK schedule) for high-risk contacts.
When to see a doctor
Contact GP/NHS 111 if: skin around blisters hot/red/painful; chest pain/breathing difficulty; signs of dehydration. Also if: pregnant; weakened immune system; newborn baby. Call 999 if symptoms suddenly worsen.