Kyphosis
Overview
Kyphosis is curvature of the spine that causes the top of the back to appear more rounded than normal.
Causes
In kyphosis, the normal curve in the middle section of vertebral column (the thoracic vertebrae) is more curved than normal. There are a number of reasons why this might happen, including: poor posture (postural kyphosis) – slouching, leaning back in chairs and carrying heavy bags can stretch supporting muscles and ligaments, which can increase spinal curvatureabnormally shaped vertebrae (Scheuermann's kyphosis) – if the vertebrae don't develop properly, they can end up being out of positionabnormal development of the spine in the womb (congenital kyphosis) – if something disrupts the spine's normal development, two or more vertebrae sometimes fuse togetherage – as people get older, their spinal curvature can increase Kyphosis can also develop as a result of a spinal injury. Read more about thecauses of kyphosis.
Prevention
Postural kyphosis can be prevented by being aware of your posture and by taking care of your back. You should encourage your child to: avoid slouchingsit correctly – sit upright, ensuring that all of the back is supportedavoid carrying heavy schoolbags and if using backpacks ensure they are well designed and used properlytake regular exercise to help strengthen the back and keep it flexible; activities such as swimming, running, walking and yoga are ideal for helping to prevent back problems Further information: Physical activity guidelines for children under 5 years of agePhysical activity guidelines for children and young people