Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Overview
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition caused by very stressful, frightening or distressing events.
Symptoms
Re-experiencing: flashbacks, nightmares, distressing images, physical sensations. Avoidance: avoiding reminders, emotional numbness, self-destructive behaviors. Hyperarousal: feeling on edge, easily startled, irritable, difficulty sleeping. Mood changes: isolation, guilt, shame, loss of interest.
Causes
Caused by traumatic events: accidents, assault, abuse, war, health problems, childbirth trauma, death of loved ones, natural disasters. Risk factors: history of depression/anxiety, lack of support, genetic predisposition.
Treatment
Watchful waiting for mild symptoms. Talking therapies: Trauma-focused CBT, EMDR. Medications: SSRIs (paroxetine, sertraline). Combined approach for severe cases. Complex PTSD uses phased approach.
Prevention
Early intervention after trauma; self-care (sleep, healthy eating, exercise, relaxation); social support; managing demands; gradual processing of events.
When to see a doctor
See GP if you have persistent symptoms after trauma. Can self-refer to NHS talking therapies in many areas.