Varicose veins
Overview
Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins under the skin, usually on the legs. They're common and are not usually serious, but there are treatments that can help if they're causing problems.
Symptoms
Swollen/bulging blue/purple veins in legs; aching; heavy legs.
Causes
Varicose veins happen when the valves that control the flow of blood in your vein do not work properly. This causes blood to build up and put pressure on the vein, which makes it swell and twist. Varicose veins are very common and anyone can get them, but it's more likely to happen if you: are a womanare olderare overweightare pregnantspend a lot of time standing or sittinghave other family members with varicose veinshave haddeep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Treatment
Varicose veins do not always need treatment. A GP may refer you to a specialist for tests and treatment if you have: symptoms such as pain, heaviness, swollen legs, itching or skin changesany complications, such as ulcers on your legs Treatment to improve how varicose veins look is not usually available on the NHS if they're not causing any other problems. You may be able to pay for it privately. If you're referred to a specialist they'll usually do a test called duplex ultrasound to confirm if you have varicose veins and plan your treatment. This is a type of scan to check your blood flow. There are several types of treatment that may be offered, including: procedures to block blood flow in the veins, such as endothermal ablation and foam sclerotherapysurgery to remove varicose veinscompression stockings The specialist will explain which treatment may be best for you, and the benefits and risks.
Prevention
Exercise; Elevate legs; Avoid long standing.
When to see a doctor
See GP if: painful; bleeding; skin changes; or ulcers.