Health A-Z

Browse conditions, medicines and health advice

Condition
Abdominal aortic aneurysm

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a swelling in the aorta, the artery that carries blood from the heart to the tummy (abdomen). Most aneurysms...
Condition
Acanthosis nigricans

Acanthosis nigricans is the name for dry, dark patches of skin that usually appear in the armpits, neck or groin. It could be a sign...
Condition
Achalasia

Achalasia is a rare disorder of the food pipe (oesophagus), which can make it difficult to swallow food and drink.
Condition
Acid and chemical burns

Get medical advice as soon as possible if you think you have an acid or chemical burn. You'll need to be treated as soon as...
Condition
Acne

Acne is a common skin condition that affects most people at some point. It causes spots, oily skin and sometimes skin that's hot or painful to...
Condition
Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma)

An acoustic neuroma is a type of non-cancerous (benign) brain tumour. It's also known as a vestibular schwannoma.
Condition
Acromegaly

Acromegaly is a rare condition where the body makes too much of a hormone that can make parts of your body grow bigger. It can...
Condition
Actinic keratoses (solar keratoses)

Actinic keratoses (also called solar keratoses) are dry, scaly patches of skin that have been damaged by the sun. It'snot usually serious, but there's a...
Condition
Actinomycosis

Actinomycosis is a rare type of bacterial infection. It can be very serious but can usually be treated with antibiotics.
Condition
Acute cholecystitis

Acute cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder. It usually happens when a gallstone blocks the cystic duct.
Condition
Acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is where your kidneys suddenly stop working properly. It can range from minor loss of kidney function to complete kidney failure.
Condition
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a rare type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow.
Condition
Acute myeloid leukaemia

Leukaemia is cancer of the white blood cells. Acute leukaemia means it progresses quickly and aggressively, and usually requires immediate treatment.
Condition
Acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is a condition where the pancreas becomes inflamed (swollen) over a short period of time.
Condition
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening illness that can happen when your lungs are not working properly. ARDS is usually a complication of...
Condition
Addison's disease

Addison's disease (primary adrenal insufficiency) is a rare condition where small glands above your kidneys (adrenal glands) do not work properly. It can often be...
Condition
Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is a condition where the lining of the womb (uterus) starts growing into the muscle in the wall of the womb. There are treatments...
Condition
ADHD in adults

ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a condition where the brain works differently to most people. If you have ADHD, you may have trouble with...
Condition
ADHD in children and young people

ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a condition where the brain works differently to most people. Children and young people with ADHD may have trouble...
Condition
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Find out more about age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which mainly affects people over 50 years of age and usually leads to a gradual loss of...
Condition
Agoraphobia

Read about agoraphobia, a fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or that help wouldn't be available if things go wrong.
Condition
Albinism

Albinism affects the production of melanin, the pigment that colours skin, hair and eyes. It's a lifelong condition, but it does not get worse over...
Condition
Alcohol misuse

Alcohol misuse is when you drink in a way that's harmful, or when you're dependent on alcohol. To keep health risks from alcohol to a...
Condition
Alcohol poisoning

Alcohol poisoning can happen when you drink alcohol quicker than your body can process it. It can make you seriously ill and you may need...
Condition
Alcohol-related liver disease

Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) refers to liver damage caused by excess alcohol intake. There are several stages of severity and a range of associated symptoms.
Condition
Allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is where your nose gets irritated by something you're allergic to, such as pollen, causing sneezing and other symptoms. For most people it's...
Condition
Allergies

An allergy is where your body reacts to something that's normally harmless like pollen, dust or animal fur. The symptoms can be mild, but for...
Condition
Altitude sickness

Altitude sickness can happen when you're at a high altitude. It usually gets better in a few days with rest, but it can sometimes be...
Condition
Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in the UK.
Condition
Amyloidosis

Amyloidosis is a group of rare conditions where a protein called amyloid builds up in your body. It can affect organs such as your heart,...
Condition
Anabolic steroid misuse

Anabolic steroids are prescription-only medicines that are sometimes taken without medical advice to increase muscle mass and improve athletic performance.
Condition
Anal cancer

Find out about anal cancer, including common symptoms and treatments.
Condition
Anal fissure

An anal fissure is a small tear in your anus that causes pain when you poo. It usually gets better on its own but if...
Condition
Anal fistula

An anal fistula is a small tunnel that develops between the end of the bowel and the skin near the opening of the bottom (anus).
Condition
Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergicreaction that happens very quickly. It can be caused by food, medicine or insect stings. Call 999 if you think you...
Condition
Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) affects the development of a person's genitals and reproductive organs.
Condition
Angelman syndrome

Angelman syndrome is a rare genetic condition that affects the nervous system and causes severe physical and learning disabilities.
Condition
Angina

Angina is a feeling of pain or tightness, usually in your chest. It can be a sign of a heart problem, so it's important to...
Condition
Angioedema

Angioedema is sudden swelling that is often caused by an allergic reaction. It can be very serious if your throat becomes swollen and your breathing...
Condition
Animal and human bites

Most animal and human bites are not serious, but you may need to get medical help if the bite is severe or there are signs...
Condition
Ankylosing spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a long-term condition in which the spine and other areas of the body become inflamed.
Condition
Anorexia nervosa

Anorexia nervosa (often called anorexia) is an eating disorder where you feel a need to keep your weight as low as possible.
Condition
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), sometimes known as Hughes syndrome, is a disorder of the immune system that causes an increased risk of blood clots.
Condition
Aphasia

Aphasia (also called dysphasia) is a condition that makes it difficult to communicate. It can make it hard to speak, read, write and understand others....
Condition
Appendicitis

Appendicitis is swelling and infection in your appendix (part of your bowel). It usually causes pain in the lower right side of your abdomen (tummy)....
Condition
Arthritis

Arthritis is a common condition that causes pain and inflammation in a joint.
Condition
Asbestosis

Asbestosis is a rare but serious lung condition that affects people exposed to asbestos(a building material usedfrom the 1950s to the 1990s).It cannot be cured,...
Condition
Aspergillosis

Aspergillosis is a condition caused by aspergillus mould. There are several different types of aspergillosis. Most affect the lungs and cause breathing difficulties.
Condition
Asthma

Asthma is a common condition that affects your breathing. It cannot currently be cured, but if it's well treated you should not have problems with...
Condition
Astigmatism

Astigmatism is a common eye condition that can cause blurry vision. It's usually treated using glasses or contact lenses.
Condition
Ataxia

Ataxia is a term for a group of disorders that affect co-ordination, balance and speech.
Condition
Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is where your arteries become narrowed, making it difficult for blood to flow through them. It increases your risk of heart attack and stroke.
Condition
Athlete's foot

Athlete's foot is a common fungal infection that affects the feet. You can usually treat it with creams, sprays or powders from a pharmacy, but...
Condition
Atopic eczema

Atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a common skin condition that causes itchy skin. It affects people of all ages but is most common in young...
Condition
Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (sometimes called afib or AF) is a type of heart rhythm problem where your heartbeat is not steady. See a GP if you...
Condition
Auditory processing disorder (APD)

Auditory processing disorder (APD) is where you have difficulty understanding sounds, including spoken words. There are things you can do that can help.
Condition
Autism

This guide can help if you or someone you care about is autistic or might be autistic.
Condition
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited condition that causes small fluid-filled sacs called cysts to develop in the kidneys.
Condition
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a rare inherited childhood condition where the development of the kidneys and liver is abnormal. Over time, these...
Condition
Back pain

Back pain, particularly lower back pain, is very common. It usually improves within a few weeks but can sometimes last longer or keep coming back....
Condition
Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common cause of unusual vaginal discharge. BV is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI), but it can increase your risk...
Condition
Baker's cyst

A Baker's cyst (popliteal cyst) is a fluid-filled lump at the back of the knee. It may get better on its own or by treating...
Condition
Balanitis

Balanitis is when the head of the penis is swollen and sore. It's not usually serious but it's important to see a GP to find...
Condition
Bartholin's cyst

A Bartholin’s cyst is a lump near the opening of the vagina. They do not always need treatment, but always get any lumps checked by...
Condition
Bedbugs

Bedbugs are small insects that often live on furniture or bedding. Their bites can be itchy, but do not usually cause other health problems.
Condition
Behçet's disease

Behçet's disease, or Behçet's syndrome, is a rare and poorly understood condition that results in inflammation of the blood vessels and tissues.
Condition
Bell's palsy

Bell's palsy is temporary weakness or lack of movement that usually affects 1 side of the face. Treatment with steroids can help and most people...
Condition
Bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma)

Find out about bile duct cancer, including what the symptoms are, what causes it, how it's diagnosed and treated, and where to get further support.
Condition
Binge eating disorder

Read about binge eating disorder, which is when a person feels compelled to overeat on a regular basis. Find out about the symptoms, treatments and...
Condition
Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition where you have extreme mood changes. Medicines and talking therapy can help manage it.
Condition
Bird flu

Bird flu (avian influenza) is an infection that mainly affects birds. The virus can spread to humans through close contact. It can be fatal but...
Condition
Birthmarks

Birthmarks are coloured marks on the skin that are present at birth or soon afterwards. Most are harmless and disappear without treatment, but some may...
Condition
Black eye

A black eye is bruising and swelling around your eye, usually caused by a blow to the area, such as a punch or fall. It...
Condition
Bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is cancer that's found anywhere in your bladder. It's more common if you're over the age of 60.
Condition
Bladder pain syndrome (BPS)

Bladder pain syndrome (BPS), also known as interstitial cystitis, is a condition that causes pain in your lower tummy or back and makes you feel...
Condition
Bladder stones

Bladder stones are hard lumps of minerals that can form inside the bladder when it's not completely empty of urine.
Condition
Blepharitis

Blepharitis causes swollen, itchy eyelids. It's not usually serious and can often be treated by washing your eyelids every day.
Condition
Blisters

Blisters often heal on their own within a week. They can be painful while they heal, but you will not usually need to see a...
Condition
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), or body dysmorphia, is a mental health condition where a person spends a lot of time worrying about flaws in their...
Condition
Boils

A boil is a hard and painful lump that fills with pus. Most boils go away on their own. See a GP if you keep...
Condition
Bone cancer

Find out about bone cancer, including what the symptoms are, what causes it, and how it's diagnosed and treated.
Condition
Bone cyst

Bone cysts are fluid-filled holes that form in bones. They mainly affect children and teenagers. They're not usually serious, but they sometimes need to be...
Condition
Borderline personality disorder

Read about borderline personality disorder. Personality disorders can cause a range of distressing symptoms and patterns of abnormal behaviour.
Condition
Botulism

Botulism is a rare but life-threatening condition caused by toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria.
Condition
Bowel cancer

Bowel cancer is cancer found anywhere in the large bowel, which includes the colon and rectum. It's one of the most common types of cancer...
Condition
Bowel incontinence

Bowel incontinence is when you cannot control when you poo. See a GP if you think you have bowel incontinence as there are treatments that...
Condition
Bowel polyps

Bowel polyps are small growths on the lining of the large intestine (colon) or rectum. They're very common and not usually serious, but sometimes they...
Condition
Bowen's disease

Bowen's disease is a very early form of skin cancer that's easily treatable. The main sign is a red, scaly patch on the skin.
Condition
Brain abscess

A brain abscess is a pus-filled swelling in the brain. It usually occurs when bacteria or fungi enter the brain tissue after an infection or severe...
Condition
Brain aneurysm

A brain aneurysm is a swelling in a blood vessel in your brain. If the aneurysm bursts it can cause a bleed on your brain,...
Condition
Brain death

Brain death (also known as brain stem death) is when a person on an artificial life support machine no longer has any brain functions. This...
Condition
Brain tumours

A brain tumour is a growth of cells in the brain that multiplies in an abnormal, uncontrollable way.
Condition
Breast abscess

A breast abscess is a painful build-up of pus in the breast caused by an infection. It mainly affects women who are breastfeeding.It's not usually...
Condition
Breast cancer in men

Breast cancer is cancer that's found in the breasts or breast tissue in the chest. Anyone can get it, including men.
Condition
Breast cancer in women

Breast cancer is cancer that's found in the breasts. It's the most common type of cancer in women in the UK. Anyone can get breast...
Condition
Breath-holding in babies and children

Breath-holding is when a baby or child stops breathing for up to 1 minute and may faint. It can happen when a child is frightened,...
Condition
Broken ankle

Get medical advice as soon as possible if you think you've broken your ankle. It may need treatment to heal properly.
Condition
Broken arm or wrist

Get medical advice as soon as possible if you think you have broken your arm or wrist. Any possible breaks need to be treated as...
Condition
Broken collarbone

A broken collarbone is usually caused by an injury to your shoulder. Get medical advice as soon as possible if you think you have a...
Condition
Broken finger or thumb

Get medical advice as soon as possible if you think you have broken a finger or thumb. It may need treatment to heal properly. A...
Condition
Broken hip

A broken hip (hip fracture) is serious and needs treatment in hospital straight away. It can take several weeks or months to recoverandyou may not...
Condition
Broken leg

Get medical advice as soon as possible if you think you've broken your leg.
Condition
Broken nose

A broken nose usually heals on its own within 3 weeks. Get medical help if it's not getting better or your nose has changed shape.
Condition
Broken or bruised ribs

Bruised or broken ribs can be very painful, but usually heal by themselves.
Condition
Broken toe

A broken toe can be painful, but you do not usually need to go to hospital. There are things you can do to treat it...
Condition
Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis is a condition where the airways in your lungs are damaged and produce a lot of phlegm (mucus). It cannot usually be cured, but...
Condition
Bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis is a common chest infection that affects babies and children under 2. It's usually mild and can be treated at home, but it can...
Condition
Bronchitis

Bronchitis is inflammation of the airways in the lungs that is usually caused by an infection. It often gets better without treatment in around 3...
Condition
Brucellosis

Brucellosis is an infection you can catch from unpasteurised milk and cheese or from contact with infected animals. It's very rare in the UK.
Condition
Brugada syndrome

Brugada syndrome is a rare heart condition that's usually inherited. It can affect your heart rhythm and can be life-threatening, but there are things you...
Condition
Bulimia

Bulimia (bulimia nervosa) is an eating disorder and serious mental health condition. It can affect anyone and treatment may take time, but you can recover...
Condition
Bullous pemphigoid

Bullous pemphigoid is a rare skin condition that mainly affects people over the age of 60. It may last a few years and can be...
Condition
Bunions

Bunions are bony lumps that form on the side of the feet. Surgery is the only way to get rid of them, but there are...
Condition
Burns and scalds

Burns and scalds are damage to the skin usually caused by heat. Both are treated in the same way.
Condition
Bursitis

Bursitis is whenthe fluid-filled sacs (bursa) that cushion the joints have become painful and swollen (inflamed). It can usually be treated at home and should...
Condition
Cancer

Cancer is a condition where cells in the body grow in an uncontrolled way. Speak to a GP if you notice any symptoms that are...
Condition
Carbon monoxide poisoning

Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas that can make you seriously ill if you breathe it in. Carbon monoxide can be made by fires and...
Condition
Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a general term for diseases of the heart muscle, where the walls of the heart chambers have become stretched, thickened or stiff. This...
Condition
Cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term for conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels.
Condition
Carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is pressure on a nerve in your wrist. It causes tingling, numbness and pain in your hand and fingers. You can...
Condition
Cataracts in adults

Cataracts is where the lens in your eye becomes cloudy, causing blurred vision and loss of sight. It usually affects older adults and can be...
Condition
Catarrh

Catarrh is a build-up of mucus in your nose and sinuses and phlegm in your throat. It usually clears up by itself but see a...
Condition
Cavernoma

A cavernoma is a cluster of abnormal blood vessels, usually found in the brain and spinal cord.
Condition
Cellulitis

Cellulitis is a skin infection that's treated with antibiotics. It can be serious if it's not treated quickly.
Condition
Cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy is the name for a group of lifelong conditions that affect movement and co-ordination. It's caused by a problem with the brain that...
Condition
Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is cancer that's found anywhere in the cervix, which is the opening between the vagina and the womb.
Condition
Cervical spondylosis

Cervical spondylosis is a common condition that can cause neck and shoulder pain, often in people over 40. A GP should check more serious cases...
Condition
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of inherited conditions that damage the peripheral nerves.
Condition
Charles Bonnet syndrome

Charles Bonnet syndrome is a conditionwhere you see things that are not real (hallucinations).It can happen if you've lost a lotof your sight.It's not caused...
Condition
Chest infection

A chest infection is an infection of the lungs or large airways. Some chest infections are mild and clear up on their own, but others...
Condition
Chiari malformation

A Chiari malformation, previously called an Arnold-Chiari malformation, is where the lower part of the brain pushes down into the spinal canal.
Condition
Chickenpox

Chickenpox is a common infection that spreads easily and mostly affects children. It usually gets better on its own after 1 to 2 weeks without...
Condition
Chilblains

Chilblains are small, itchy patches that can appear on your skin after you've been in the cold. They usually clear up on their own. You...
Condition
Childhood cataracts

Cataracts occur when changes in the lens of the eye cause it to become less transparent (clear). This results in cloudy or misty vision.
Condition
Chipped, broken or cracked tooth

Chipping, breaking or cracking a tooth is usually not serious. A dentist should be able to treat it.
Condition
Chlamydia

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) passed on through unprotected sex (sex without a condom). It’s treated with antibiotics. If not treated it can...
Condition
Cholera

Cholera is an infection that can cause severe diarrhoea. It's not found in the UK, but there's a very small risk of getting it while...
Condition
Cholesteatoma

A cholesteatoma is a build-up of dead cells inside your ear that can cause hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness. It's rare and can be treated with...
Condition
Chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidneys do not work as well as they should.
Condition
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

It's important to get anysymptoms of chronic lymphocytic leukaemiachecked as soon as possible. Finding it early can mean it's more treatable.
Condition
Chronic myeloid leukaemia

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a rare type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and white blood cells.
Condition
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for a group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties.
Condition
Chronic pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term condition where the pancreas is inflamed, scarred and painful. There's no cure, but there are treatments for the problems it...
Condition
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a brain condition thought to be linked to repeated head injuries and blows to the head. It slowly gets worse...
Condition
Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is a condition where the liver is severely damaged. It can be life-threatening, but treatments and lifestyle changes can help stop it getting worse.
Condition
Claustrophobia

Claustrophobia is the irrational fear of confined spaces.
Condition
Cleft lip and palate

A cleft is a gap or split in the upper lip and/or roof of the mouth (palate). It is present from birth.
Condition
Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infection

Clostridioides difficile (also known as Clostridium difficile, C. difficile or C. diff) is a type of bacteria that can cause diarrhoea. It often affects people...
Condition
Clubfoot

Clubfoot (talipes) is an uncommon condition that causes a baby to be born with 1 or both feet curved into an unusual position. Treatment usually...
Condition
Cluster headaches

Cluster headaches are severe attacks of pain that can last for long periods. They're not caused by another illness. They can have a real impact...
Condition
Coeliac disease

Coeliac disease is a condition where your immune system attacks your own tissues when you eat gluten. This damages your gut (small intestine) so your...
Condition
Cold sores

Cold sores are common and usually clear up on their own within 10 days. There are things you can do to help ease the pain.
Condition
Colic

Colic is when a baby cries a lot but there's no obvious cause. It's a common problem that should get better by around 3 or...
Condition
Colour vision deficiency (colour blindness)

Colour vision deficiency (colour blindness) is where you see colours differently to most people, and have difficulty telling colours apart. There's no treatment for colour...
Condition
Common cold

You can often treat a cold without seeing a GP. You should begin to feel better in about 1 to 2 weeks.
Condition
Compartment syndrome

Compartment syndrome is an increase in pressure inside a muscle, which restricts blood flow and causes pain. If it happens suddenly, it can be serious...
Condition
Complex regional pain syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a poorly understood condition where a person experiences persistent severe and debilitating pain.
Condition
Congenital heart disease

Congenital heart disease is when you are born with a heart defect, like a hole in your heart. This can affect the way blood flows...
Condition
Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is an eye condition caused by infection or allergies. It usually gets better in a couple of weeks without treatment.
Condition
Constipation

Constipation is where you have changes to how you poo, including not pooing as often or finding it hard to poo. It's common and it...
Condition
Contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitis is a type of eczema triggered by contact with a particular substance.
Condition
Corns and calluses

Corns and calluses are hard or thick areas of skin that can be painful. They're not often serious. There are things you can try to...
Condition
Coronary heart disease

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of death in the UK and worldwide. CHD is sometimes called ischaemic heart disease or coronary artery disease.
Condition
Corticobasal degeneration

Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare condition that can cause gradually worsening problems with movement, speech, memory and swallowing.
Condition
Costochondritis

Costochondritis is inflammation where your ribs join the bone in the middle of your chest (breastbone). It can cause sharp chest pain, especially when moving...
Condition
COVID-19

Get NHS advice about COVID-19, including its symptoms and what to do, how to avoid catching and spreading it, treatments, vaccinations and long-term effects.
Condition
Cradle cap

Cradle cap is a harmless skin condition that's common in babies. It usually goes away on its own within a few months, but there are...
Condition
Craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis is a rare condition where a baby's skull does not grow properly and their head becomes an unusual shape. It's usually treated with surgery.
Condition
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare and fatal condition that affects the brain. It causes brain damage that worsens rapidly over time.
Condition
Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease is a long-term condition where part of your gut becomes inflamed. It cannot currently be cured, but there are treatments that can help...
Condition
Croup

Croup is a common condition that mainly affects babies' and young children's airways. It's usually mild, but it's important to call NHS 111 or see...
Condition
Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome is a rare condition caused by having too much of a hormone called cortisol in your body. You're more likely to get it...
Condition
Cuts and grazes

Most cuts and grazes can be treated at home and will start to heal in a few days. But some wounds may need to be...
Condition
Cyclical vomiting syndrome

Cyclical vomiting syndrome is a rare condition that causes severe episodes of feeling sick (nausea) and being sick (vomiting). Avoiding things that trigger it and...
Condition
Cyclospora

Cyclospora is an infection that causes diarrhoea. It's not found in the UK, but there's a risk of getting it while travelling in some parts...
Condition
Cyclothymia

Cyclothymia, or cyclothymic disorder, causes mood changes – from feeling low to emotional highs.
Condition
Cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is a rare inherited genetic condition that causes breathing and digestive problems. There is currently no cure, but there are medicines and supportive...
Condition
Cystitis

Cystitis is a urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects the bladder. It's common, particularly in women. It often gets better by itself, but may sometimes...
Condition
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that's usually harmless. Sometimes it causes problems in babies and people with a weakened immune system.
Condition
Dandruff

Dandruff is a common skin condition. It's not harmful and you cannot catch it.
Condition
Deafblindness

Deafblindness is a combination of sight and hearing loss that affects a person's ability to communicate, access information and get around.
Condition
Dehydration

Dehydration means your body loses more fluids than you take in. If it's not treated, it can get worse and become a serious problem.
Condition
Dementia

This guide has information for people with dementia and their families and friends.
Condition
Dementia with Lewy bodies

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), also known as Lewy body dementia, is one of the most common types of dementia.
Condition
Dengue

Dengue, also known as dengue fever, is an infection spread by mosquitoes. It's not usually serious and often gets better on its own. Some people...
Condition
Dental abscess

A dental abscess is a build-up of pus in the teeth or gums caused by an infection. It needs urgent treatment by a dentist. A...
Condition
Depression

Depression is a low mood that can last a long time or keep returning, affecting your everyday life.
Condition
Depression in adults

Depression is a low mood that lasts for weeks or months and affects your daily life.
Condition
Detached retina (retinal detachment)

A detached retina is when the thin layer at the back of your eye (retina) becomes loose. It needs to be treated quickly to stop...
Condition
Developmental co-ordination disorder (dyspraxia) in children

Developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD), also known as dyspraxia, is a condition affecting physical co-ordination. It causes a child to perform less well than expected in...
Condition
Developmental dysplasia of the hip

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a condition where the "ball and socket" joint of the hip does not properly form in babies and...
Condition
Diabetes

Diabetes is a condition that causes your blood glucose (sugar) level to become too high.
Condition
Diabetes insipidus

Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition where you pee a lot and often feel thirsty.
Condition
Diabetic ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious condition that can happen in people with diabetes. It's where a lack of insulin causes harmful substances called ketones...
Condition
Diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is an eye condition caused by diabetes. It can lead to sight loss, but finding and treating it early reduces the risk.
Condition
Differences in sex development

Differences in sex development (DSD) is a group of rare conditions involving genes, hormones and reproductive organs, including genitals. It means a person's sex development...
Condition
DiGeorge syndrome (22q11 deletion)

DiGeorge syndrome is a condition present from birth that can cause a range of lifelong problems, including heart defects and learning difficulties.
Condition
Diphtheria

Diphtheria is a contagious infection that affects the nose and throat, and sometimes the skin. It's rare in the UK, but there's a small risk...
Condition
Discoid eczema

Discoid eczema, also known as nummular or discoid dermatitis, is a long-term (chronic) skin condition that causes skin to become itchy, swollen and cracked in circular or...
Condition
Dislocated kneecap

A dislocated kneecap is where your kneecap (patella) moves out of place. It is usually caused by an injury to the knee. Get medical advice...
Condition
Dislocated shoulder

A dislocated shoulder is when your upper arm bone comes out of place from your shoulder socket.
Condition
Dissociative disorders

Dissociative disorders are a range of conditions that can cause physical and psychological problems.
Condition
Diverticular disease and diverticulitis

Diverticular disease and diverticulitis are conditions that affect the large intestine (bowel), causing tummy (abdominal) pain and other symptoms. They're caused by small bulges or...
Condition
Down's syndrome

Down's syndrome is when you're born with an extra chromosome.
Condition
Dupuytren's contracture

Dupuytren's contracture is when 1 or more fingers bend in towards your palm. There's no cure, but your fingers can be straightened with surgery if...
Condition
DVT (deep vein thrombosis)

DVT (deep vein thrombosis) is a blood clot in a vein, usually in the leg. DVT can be dangerous. Get medical help as soon as...
Condition
Dysarthria (difficulty speaking)

Dysarthria is where you have difficulty speaking because the muscles you use for speech are weak. It can be caused by conditions that damage your...
Condition
Dysentery

Dysentery is when an infection gives you diarrhoea with blood in it. It usually gets better by itself but it's important to see a GP...
Condition
Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a common learning difficulty that mainly causes problems with reading, writing and spelling.
Condition
Dyspraxia (developmental co-ordination disorder) in adults

Dyspraxia, also known as developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD), is a common disorder that affects movement and co-ordination.
Condition
Dystonia

Dystonia is the name for uncontrolled and sometimes painful muscle movements (spasms). It's usually a lifelong problem, but treatment can help relieve the symptoms.
Condition
Ear infections

Ear infections are very common, particularly in children. They often get better on their own within 3 days.
Condition
Early or delayed puberty

Puberty is when a child's body begins to develop and change as they become an adult.
Condition
Early or premature menopause

Early menopause is when you stop having regular periods before the age of 45. Premature menopause is if this happens before the age of 40....
Condition
Earwax build-up

Earwax normally just falls out on its own. When it's blocking your ears, a pharmacist can help.
Condition
Ebola virus disease

Ebola virus disease is a serious, rare infection usually found in certain parts of Africa. It's caught by coming into contact with the body fluids...
Condition
Ectopic pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy is when a fertilised egg implants itself outside of the womb, usually in one of the fallopian tubes.
Condition
Ectropion

Ectropion is when your lower eyelid droops or sags away from your eye and turns outwards. It's not usually serious but can be uncomfortable.
Condition
Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18)

Edwards’ syndrome, also called trisomy 18, is a rare genetic condition that cannot currently be cured. It’s often diagnosed in pregnancy or soon after a...
Condition
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes

Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of rare inherited conditions that affect connective tissue.
Condition
Ejaculation problems

Ejaculation problems are common sexual problems in men.
Condition
Encephalitis

Encephalitis is an uncommon but serious condition in which the brain becomes inflamed (swollen).
Condition
Endocarditis

Endocarditis is a rare and potentially fatal infection of the inner lining of the heart (the endocardium). It's most commonly caused by bacteria entering the...
Condition
Endometriosis

Endometriosis is where cells similar to those in the lining of the womb (uterus) grow in other parts of the body. It can have a...
Condition
Enlarged prostate

An enlarged prostate (sometimes called benign prostate enlargement) is when your prostate gets bigger. It's common and is not usually serious, but there are treatments...
Condition
Epidermolysis bullosa

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is the name for a group of rare inherited skin disorders that cause the skin to become very fragile. Any trauma or...
Condition
Epididymitis

Epididymitis is where a tube (the epididymis) behind the testicles becomes swollen and painful. It's often caused by an infection and is usually treated with...
Condition
Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis is swelling of your epiglottis, the flap that covers your windpipe when you swallow. Epiglottitis can block your windpipe, even when you're not swallowing, making...
Condition
Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a condition that affects your brain and causes seizures (sometimes called fits). It cannot currently be cured, but treatment can often help manage...
Condition
Erectile dysfunction (impotence)

Erectile dysfunction (impotence) is very common, particularly in men over 40. It's usually nothing to worry about, but see a GP if it keeps happening.
Condition
Erythema multiforme

Erythema multiforme is a skin condition that can be caused by an infection or some medicines. It usually gets better on its own in 2 to 4...
Condition
Erythema nodosum

Erythema nodosum is a condition that causes painful patches of skin that look red or darker than the surrounding skin. It usually goes away by...
Condition
Erythrocytosis

Erythrocytosis, sometimes called polycythaemia, means having a high concentration of red blood cells in your blood.
Condition
Erythromelalgia

Erythromelalgia is a rare condition that causes burning pain, redness and hot skin, mainly in the feet. It can be constant or come and go,...
Condition
Excessive daytime sleepiness (hypersomnia)

Excessive daytime sleepiness (hypersomnia) is a condition where people fall asleep repeatedly during the day.
Condition
Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis)

Excessive sweating is common and can affect the whole body or just certain areas. Sometimes it gets better with age but there are things you...
Condition
Eye cancer

Around 850 cases of eye cancer (ocular cancer) are diagnosed in the UK each year.
Condition
Eye injuries

Minor eye injuries, such as shampoo or dust in your eye, often get better on their own within a day. Get medical help if you...
Condition
Fabricated or induced illness

Find out about fabricated or induced illness (FII), which is a rare form of child abuse where a parent or carer exaggerates or deliberately causes...
Condition
Falls

Anyone can have a fall, but it's more likely if you're older or have mobility problems. Making changes to prevent falls can help you avoid...
Condition
Febrile seizures

A febrile seizure (febrile convulsion or fit) can sometimes happen when a child has a high temperature. It's not usually serious, but it's important to...
Condition
Female genital mutilation (FGM)

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a procedure where the female genitals are deliberately cut, injured or changed, but there's no medical reason for this to...
Condition
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

If you drink alcohol during pregnancy you risk causing harm to your baby. Sometimes this can result in mental and physical problems in the baby, called fetal...
Condition
Fibroids

Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the womb (uterus).
Condition
Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia, also called fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), is a long-term condition that causes pain all over the body.
Condition
Flat feet

Flat feet, or "fallen arches", are where your feet press flat on the ground. They're common and usually nothing to worry about.
Condition
Flu

Flu will often get better on its own, but it can make some people seriously ill. It's important to get the flu vaccine if you're...
Condition
Food allergy

A food allergy is where your body reacts to certain foods. It's often mild, but can be very serious for some people.
Condition
Food intolerance

A food intolerance is when you have difficulty digesting certain foods or ingredients in food. It's not usually serious,but eating the food you're intolerant to...
Condition
Food poisoning

Food poisoning is rarely serious and usually gets better within a week. You can normally treat yourself or your child at home.
Condition
Foot drop

Foot drop (drop foot) is where it's difficult to lift or move your foot and toes. It usually affects 1 foot and can affect the...
Condition
Frontotemporal dementia

Frontotemporal dementia is an uncommon type of dementia that causes problems with behaviour and language.
Condition
Frostbite

Frostbite happens when your skin freezes after being in very cold temperatures. The skin needs to be warmed as soon as possible. Get medical help...
Condition
Frozen shoulder

Frozen shoulder means your shoulder is painful and stiff for months, sometimes years. It can be treated with shoulder exercises and painkillers.
Condition
Fungal nail infection

You may have a fungal nail infection if your nail is brittle, discoloured or thicker than usual. These types of infections are not serious but...
Condition
Gallbladder cancer

Find out about gallbladder cancer, including the symptoms, causes, tests, treatments, and where to get support.
Condition
Gallstones

Gallstones are small stones that form in the gallbladder. Most people who have them do not get symptoms. If gallstones are causing pain in your...
Condition
Ganglion cyst

A ganglion cyst is a fluid filled lump under the skin that usually appears on the wrist or hand. Ganglion cysts are common and often...
Condition
Gangrene

Gangrene is a serious condition where a loss of blood supply causes body tissue to die. It can affect any part of the body but...
Condition
Gastritis

Gastritis is when the lining of your stomach becomes irritated (inflamed). It can cause pain, indigestion and feeling sick. Treatments include antacids, alginates and antibiotics.
Condition
Gastroparesis

Gastroparesis is where food passes through the stomach slower than it should. It's a long-term condition that can be managed with diet changes, medicines and...
Condition
Gender dysphoria

Gender dysphoria is a term that describes a sense of unease that a person may have because of a mismatch between their biological sex and...
Condition
Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common mental health condition where you often feel very anxious about lots of different things.
Condition
Genital herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) passed on through vaginal, anal and oral sex. Treatment from a sexual health clinic can help. Symptoms...
Condition
Genital warts

Genital warts are small, rough lumps that can appear around the vagina, penis or anus. They're a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). Treatment from a...
Condition
Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar (glucose) that develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after giving birth.
Condition
Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a tummy bug that causes symptoms like diarrhoea, farting and bloating. It usually goes away in about a week if it's treated, but...
Condition
Gilbert's syndrome

Gilbert's syndrome is a common genetic condition that may cause mild jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) that comes and goes....
Condition
Glandular fever

Glandular fever is a viral infection that mostly affects teenagers and young adults. It gets better without treatment, but it can last for weeks and...
Condition
Glaucoma

Glaucoma is an eye condition where the main nerve, which connects the eye to the brain, becomes damaged. It's most common in adults aged 50...
Condition
Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis is damage to the tiny filters inside your kidneys (the glomeruli). It's often caused by your immune system attacking healthy body tissue.
Condition
Glue ear

Glue ear is where the middle part of the ear canal fills up with fluid. This can cause temporary hearing loss. It usually clears up...
Condition
Goitre

A goitre is a lump or swelling at the front of the neck caused by a swollen thyroid. The thyroid is a small gland in...
Condition
Gonorrhoea

Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) passed on through unprotected sex (sex without a condom). It's treated with antibiotics. If it's not treated, it...
Condition
Gout

Gout is a type of arthritis that causes sudden, severe joint pain. Painkillers can help the pain and healthier lifestyle choices can prevent future attacks.
Condition
Granuloma annulare

Granuloma annulare is a skin condition that often looks like a ring of bumps. It sometimes clears up without treatment, but it can take a...
Condition
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare condition where blood vessels become inflamed, mainly in the ears, nose, sinuses, kidneys and lungs. It can be...
Condition
Group B strep

Group B strep is a type of bacteria called streptococcal bacteria. It's very common in both men and women and usually lives in the bottom...
Condition
Growing pains

Growing pains is a term used for leg pain that is common in children aged 3 to 12. It's harmless and usually gets better on...
Condition
Guillain-Barré syndrome

Guillain-Barré (pronounced ghee-yan bar-ray) syndrome is a rare condition that affects the nerves. It's serious and needs urgent treatment in hospital.
Condition
Gum disease

Gum disease is where the gums become red, swollen and sore, and bleed. It's very common, but it's important to get it checked by a...
Condition
Gynaecomastia

Gynaecomastia is where men have bigger breasts than usual. It's common and may not need treatment, but can sometimes be caused by other conditions.
Condition
Haemochromatosis

Haemochromatosis is an inherited condition where iron levels in the body slowly build up over many years.
Condition
Haemophilia

Haemophilia is a rare condition that affects the way your blood clots, meaning you bleed more easily than other people. It cannot usually be cured,...
Condition
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a type of bacteria that can cause life-threatening infections. Babies and children are most at risk of getting seriously...
Condition
Hair dye reactions

Many hair dyes contain ingredients that can irritate your skin or cause an allergic reaction.
Condition
Hamstring injury

Hamstrings are the muscles at the back of your thighs. You can injure them when playing sports or exercising. You can usually treat mild injuries...
Condition
Hand, foot and mouth disease

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common childhood illness that can also affect adults. It usually gets better on its own in 7 to...
Condition
Hay fever

Hay fever is a common allergy that causes sneezing, coughing and itchy eyes. You cannot cure it, but there are things you can do to...
Condition
Head injury and concussion

Most head injuries are not serious, but it's important to get medical help if you or your child have any symptoms after a head injury....
Condition
Head lice and nits

Head lice and nits are very common in young children and their families. They are not caused by dirty hair and are picked up by...
Condition
Health anxiety

Health anxiety is when you spend so much time worrying you're ill, or going to get ill, that it starts to take over your life....
Condition
Hearing loss

Hearing loss is common, particularly as you get older. See a GP if you have problems with your hearing. It could be caused by something...
Condition
Heart attack

A heart attack (myocardial infarction or MI) is a serious medical emergency in which the supply of blood to the heart is suddenly blocked, usually...
Condition
Heart block

Heart block is a condition where your heart beats too slowly or your heartbeat is not steady. It can happen if the electrical impulses in...
Condition
Heart failure

Heart failure means that the heart is unable to pump blood around the body properly. It usually happens because the heart has become too weak...
Condition
Heart rhythm problems (arrhythmia)

Heart rhythm problems (arrhythmia) are when your heart beats too quickly or too slowly, or your heartbeat is not steady. It might not be serious...
Condition
Heart valve disease

Heart valve disease is where 1 or more of the valves in your heart does not work as it should. It does not always need...
Condition
Heartburn and acid reflux

Heartburn is a burning feeling in the chest caused by stomach acid travelling up towards the throat (acid reflux). If it keeps happening, it may...
Condition
Heat exhaustion and heatstroke

Heat exhaustion does not usually need emergency medical help if you can cool down within 30 minutes. If it turns into heatstroke, it needs to...
Condition
Heat rash (prickly heat)

Heat rash is uncomfortable, but usually harmless. It usually gets better on its own after a few days.
Condition
Heavy periods

Many women have heavy periods (also called menorrhagia) and they may be normal for you. They can affect anyone who has periods. Treatment can help...
Condition
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) affects the blood vessels and causes a spotty rash. It's not usually serious, but can sometimes lead to kidney problems. It's more...
Condition
Hepatitis

Hepatitis is the term used to describe inflammation of the liver. It's usually the result of a viral infection or liver damage caused by drinking alcohol.
Condition
Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is a liver infection that is spread in the poo of an infected person. Most people who get it get better within a...
Condition
Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a liver infection spread through blood and body fluids. You can be vaccinated against hepatitis B and the chance of getting it...
Condition
Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is a virus that can infect the liver. If left untreated, it can sometimes cause serious and potentially life-threatening damage to the liver over many years.
Condition
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an inherited genetic disorder that affects the blood vessels. It's also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome.
Condition
Hereditary spastic paraplegia

Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a general term for a group of rare inherited disorders that cause weakness and stiffness in the leg muscles. Symptoms gradually get...
Condition
Hernia

A hernia occurs when an internal part of the body pushes through a weakness in the muscle or surrounding tissue wall.
Condition
Herpes simplex eye infections

A herpes simplex eye infection is a viral infection that can cause a painful, red eye. It's also called eye herpes or ocular herpes. It's...
Condition
Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger)

Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger) is a painful infection of the finger caused by the herpes virus. It's easily treated but can come back.
Condition
Hiatus hernia

A hiatus hernia is when part of your stomach moves up into your chest. It's very common if you're over 50. It does not normally...
Condition
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a painful, long-term skin condition that causesskin abscessesand scarring on the skin.
Condition
High blood pressure

High blood pressure (also called hypertension) can lead to serious problems like heart attacks or strokes. But lifestyle changes and blood pressure medicines can help...
Condition
High blood sugar (hyperglycaemia)

High blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) is where the level of sugar in your blood is too high. It mainly affects people with diabetes and can be...
Condition
High cholesterol

HEART UK has information about inherited high cholesterol that starts at a young age (familial hypercholesterolaemia).
Condition
Hirschsprung's disease

Hirschsprung's disease is a rare condition that causes poo to become stuck in the bowels. It's mainly diagnosed in babies and young children.
Condition
HIV and AIDS

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that weakens your immune system and increases your risk of serious illness. There’s currently no cure, but with...
Condition
Hives

Hives rashes usually get better within a few days. You can often treat hives yourself.
Condition
Hoarding disorder

A hoarding disorder is where someone acquires an excessive number of items and stores them in a chaotic manner, usually resulting in unmanageable amounts of clutter....
Condition
Hodgkin lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma is an uncommon cancer that affects the white blood cells that help you fight infection (lymphocytes).
Condition
Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the name of a very common group of viruses. They do not cause any problems in most people, but some types...
Condition
Huntington's disease

Huntington's disease is an inherited condition that affects your movement, thinking and mood. It gets worse over time and cannot currently be cured, but there...
Condition
Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is a build-up of fluid in the brain. The excess fluid puts pressure on the brain, which can damage it.
Condition
Hydronephrosis

Hydronephrosis is where one or both of your kidneys become swollen up from a build-up of pee. It needs treatment as soon as possible to...
Condition
Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where your body produces too much calcium, which can cause problems with your blood, bones and kidneys. It can be treated...
Condition
Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism (sometime called "hypopara") is a rare condition where small glands in your neck (parathyroid glands) do not work properly. It can lead to problems...
Condition
Hypothermia

Hypothermia is a dangerous drop in body temperature below 35C (normal body temperature is around 37C). It's a medical emergency that needs to be treated...
Condition
Ichthyosis

Ichthyosis is a group of rare skin conditions thatcausedry,scaly skin.It's usually something you're born with, but it can happen later in life. It cannot usually...
Condition
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a condition in which the lungs become scarred and breathing becomes increasingly difficult.
Condition
Impetigo

Impetigo is a skin infection that's very contagious but not usually serious. Anyone can get it, but it's more common in young children. With treatment,...
Condition
Indigestion

Most people have indigestion (dyspepsia) at some point. Usually, it's not a sign of anything more serious and you can treat it yourself.
Condition
Infected piercings

An infected piercing can be serious if it's not treated quickly. Get immediate medical help if you think your piercing is infected.
Condition
Infertility

Infertility is when a couple cannot get pregnant (conceive) despite having regular unprotected sex.
Condition
Inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to describe conditions that cause severe tummy pain and diarrhoea. IBD is long-term, but there are treatments...
Condition
Ingrown hairs

Ingrown hairs cause bumps, which are often itchy, where a hair has grown back into the skin. There are things you can do to treat...
Condition
Ingrown toenail

An ingrown toenail is a common problem where the nail grows into the toe. It can be painful, but there are things you can do...
Condition
Insect bites and stings

Insect bites or stings are not usually serious and get better in a few days. But sometimes they can become infected or cause a serious...
Condition
Insomnia

Insomnia means you regularly have problems sleeping. It usually gets better by changing your sleeping habits.
Condition
Intracranial hypertension

Intracranial hypertension (IH) is a build-up of pressure around the brain.
Condition
Iron deficiency anaemia

Iron deficiency anaemia is caused by lack of iron, often because of blood loss or pregnancy. It's treated with iron tablets and by eating iron-rich...
Condition
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) is a common condition that affects the digestive system. It can cause stomach cramps, bloating and diarrhoea. It’s usually a lifelong...
Condition
Japanese encephalitis

Japanese encephalitis is a rare but serious infection you can get from mosquito bites in some parts of the world. If you're travelling to an...
Condition
Jaundice

Jaundice is when your skin or the whites of your eyes turn yellow. It can be a sign of something serious, such as liver disease,...
Condition
Jellyfish and other sea creature stings

Most stings from sea creatures in the UK are not serious and can be treated with first aid. Sometimes you may need to go to...
Condition
Jet lag

Jet lag is when your normal sleep pattern is disturbed after a long flight. It usually improves within a few days as your body adjusts...
Condition
Joint hypermobility syndrome

Joint hypermobility syndrome is when you have very flexible joints (you may think of yourself as being double-jointed). It usually affects children and young people...
Condition
Kawasaki disease

Kawasaki disease is a condition that mainly affects children under the age of 5. It's also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.
Condition
Keloid scars

A keloid scar is a raised scar left on the skin after a wound has healed. You cannot get rid of it, but treatment can...
Condition
Keratosis pilaris

Keratosis pilaris is a very common harmless condition where small bumps appear on your skin. It can last for a long time, but there are...
Condition
Kidney cancer

Find out about kidney cancer, including the symptoms, causes, tests, treatments, and where to get support.
Condition
Kidney infection

A kidney infection is a painful type of urinary tract infection that can affect one or both kidneys. It can be serious if it's not...
Condition
Kidney stones

Kidney stones can develop in 1 or both kidneys and most often affect people aged 30 to 60.
Condition
Klinefelter syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome (sometimes called Klinefelter's, KS or XXY) is where boys and men are born with an extra X chromosome.
Condition
Knock knees

Knock knees is when there's a gap between your ankles when you stand with your knees together. It's common in children aged 3 to 6...
Condition
Knocked-out tooth

You can usually save a knocked-out tooth by either putting it back in place, or in milk, as soon as possible before seeing a dentist....
Condition
Kyphosis

Kyphosis is curvature of the spine that causes the top of the back to appear more rounded than normal.
Condition
Labial fusion

Labial fusion, or labial adhesion, is when the small inner lips around the entrance to the vagina become sealed together.
Condition
Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis

Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis are types of inner ear infection that affect your balance. They usually get better on their own within a few weeks.
Condition
Lactose intolerance

Lactose intolerance is when you get symptoms, such as tummy pain, after eating food containing lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. The symptoms can...
Condition
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare condition that affects the signals sent from the nerves to the muscles.
Condition
Laryngeal cancer

Laryngeal cancer is a type of throat cancer which affects the voice box (larynx), which is in the throat.
Condition
Laryngitis

Laryngitis is when your voice box or vocal cords in the throat become irritated or swollen. It usually goes away by itself within 1 to...
Condition
Lazy eye

A lazy eye (amblyopia) is when the vision in 1 eye does not develop properly. Rarely, both eyes can be affected.
Condition
Learning disabilities

A learning disability affects the way a person learns new things throughout their life.
Condition
Leg cramps

Leg cramps are common, usually harmless, and only last a short time. They can happen at any time, but most people have them at night...
Condition
Legionnaires' disease

Legionnaires' disease is a lung infection you can get from inhaling droplets of water from things like air conditioning or hot tubs. It's uncommon but...
Condition
Leptospirosis (Weil's disease)

Leptospirosis, also called Weil's disease, is an infection you can get from animals, soil or water. It's rare in the UK.
Condition
Leukoplakia

Leukoplakia is a white patch or patches in the mouth. If you have a white patch in your mouth that does not go away, get...
Condition
Lichen planus

Lichen planus is a rash that can affect different parts of your body, including the inside of your mouth. See a GP if you think...
Condition
Lichen sclerosus

Lichen sclerosus is a skin condition that causes itchy white patches, most commonly on the genitals. There's no cure, but treatment can help relieve the...
Condition
Lipoedema

Lipoedema is an abnormal build-up of fat in your legs and sometimes arms. It can be painful and affect daily life, but there are things...
Condition
Lipoma

Lipomas are soft, fatty lumps that grow under your skin. They're harmless and do not usually need any treatment, but it's important to get any...
Condition
Listeriosis

Listeriosis is a rare infection caused by bacteria called listeria. It usually goes away on its own, but it can make some people seriously ill.
Condition
Liver cancer

Liver cancer is a cancer that's found anywhere in the liver.
Condition
Liver disease

There are many different types of liver disease. You can help prevent some of them by maintaining a healthy weight and staying within the recommended...
Condition
Long COVID

Long COVID, sometimes called post-COVID syndrome, happens when the symptoms of COVID-19 last longer than 12 weeks. It's a new condition that's still being studied,...
Condition
Long QT syndrome

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a rare heart condition that's usually inherited. It can cause serious problems with your heart rhythm, but there are things...
Condition
Long-sightedness

Long-sightedness is where you find it hard to see things nearby, but you can see things far away clearly. It’s a common condition and wearing...
Condition
Low blood pressure (hypotension)

Low blood pressure is a reading of less than 90/60mmHg. It does not always cause symptoms, but you may need treatment if it does.
Condition
Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)

Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia or a hypo) is usually where your blood sugar (glucose) is below 4mmol/L. It needs to be treated quickly to stop...
Condition
Low sperm count

Low sperm count is when there's a low amount of sperm in your semen. It can make it harder for you and your partner to...
Condition
Low white blood cell count

A low white blood cell count usually means your body is not making enough white blood cells. It can increase your risk of getting infections.
Condition
Lung cancer

Lung cancer is one of the most common and serious types of cancer. More than 43,000 people are diagnosed with the condition every year in...
Condition
Lupus

Lupus(systemic lupus erythematosus) is a long-term condition that causes joint pain, skin rashes and tiredness. There's no cure, but symptoms can improve if treatment starts...
Condition
Lyme disease

Lyme disease is a bacterial infection that can be spread to humans by infected ticks. It's usually easier to treat if it's diagnosed early.
Condition
Lymphoedema

Lymphoedema is a long-term (chronic) condition that causes swelling in the body's tissues. It can affect any part of the body, but usually develops in...
Condition
Macular hole

A macular hole is a small gap that opens at the centre of the retina, in an area called the macula.
Condition
Malaria

Malaria is a serious infection spread by mosquitoes found in some parts of the world. You can die from it if it's not diagnosed and...
Condition
Malignant brain tumour (brain cancer)

A malignant brain tumour is a type of cancer that starts in the brain or spreads into the brain from another area of the body.
Condition
Mallet finger

Mallet finger is an injury to the end of the finger, causing the tip to bend. It's a common sports injury and is treated using...
Condition
Malnutrition

Malnutrition is a serious condition that happens when your diet does not contain the right amount of nutrients.
Condition
Marfan syndrome

Marfan syndrome is a disorder of the body's connective tissues, a group of tissues that maintain the structure of the body and support internal organs and...
Condition
Mastitis

Mastitis is when your breast becomes swollen, hot and painful.
Condition
Mastocytosis

Mastocytosis is a rare condition caused by an excess number of mast cells gathering in the body's tissues.
Condition
Mastoiditis

Mastoiditis is a serious infection that affects the mastoid bone behind the ear. It's more common in children and should be diagnosed and treated quickly.
Condition
Measles

Measles is an infection that spreads very easily and can cause serious problems in some people. Having the MMR vaccine is the best way to...
Condition
Medically unexplained symptoms

Many people have persistent physical symptoms, such as dizziness or pain, that don't appear to be caused by a medical condition.
Condition
Melanoma skin cancer

There's another type of skin cancer callednon-melanoma skin cancer. It's more common and usually less serious than melanoma.
Condition
Ménière's disease

Ménière's disease is a rare inner ear condition that can affect your balance and hearing. It cannot be cured, but treatment can help the symptoms.
Condition
Meningitis

Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord (meninges).
Condition
Meniscus tear (knee cartilage damage)

A meniscus tear is a common type of damage to cartilage in the knee. The cartilage is found between the bones in the knee joint...
Condition
Menopause

Find out about menopause symptoms, causes and treatments, and things you can do to help.
Condition
Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops in the lining that covers the outer surface of some of the body's organs. It's usually linked...
Condition
Metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is the name for a group of health problems that put you at risk of type 2 diabetes or conditions that affect your...
Condition
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an infection spread from contact with infected camels. It's rare but can be very serious, so it's important to...
Condition
Migraine

A migraine usually feels like a very bad headache with a throbbing pain on 1 side. It's common and there are things you can try...
Condition
Miscarriage

A miscarriage is the loss of a pregnancy during the first 23 weeks.
Condition
Molar pregnancy

A molar pregnancy is when there's a problem with a fertilised egg, which means a baby and a placenta do not develop the way they...
Condition
Moles

Moles are small, coloured spots on the skin. Most people have them and they're usually nothing to worry about unless they change size, shape or...
Condition
Molluscum contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is an infection that causes spots on the skin. It's usually harmless and rarely needs treatment.
Condition
Morton's neuroma

Morton's neuroma is where there's a thickening of tissue around a nerve in your foot that's been irritated or damaged. The symptoms can often be...
Condition
Motion sickness

Motion sickness is feeling dizzy, or feeling or being sick when travelling by car, boat, plane or train. You can do things to prevent it...
Condition
Motor neurone disease (MND)

Motor neurone disease (MND) causes muscle weakness that gets worse over a few months or years. It's usually life-shortening and there's currently no cure, but...
Condition
Mouth cancer

Find out about mouth cancer, including the symptoms, causes, tests, treatments, and where to get support.
Condition
Mouth ulcers

Mouth ulcers are common and should clear up on their own within a week or 2. But see a GP or dentist if you have...
Condition
Mpox

Mpox (previously known as monkeypox) is an infection that usually causes a rash and flu-like symptoms. The risk of catching it in the UK is...
Condition
MRSA

MRSA is a type of bacteria that usually lives harmlessly on the skin. But if it gets inside the body, it can cause a serious...
Condition
Mucositis

Mucositis is when your mouth or gut is sore and inflamed. It's a common side effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Although mucositis can be painful,...
Condition
Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition that affects the brain and spinal cord. It cannot currently be cured, but treatment can often help manage it.
Condition
Multiple system atrophy (MSA)

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare condition that's caused by a loss of nerve cells in the brain. This can lead to a wide...
Condition
Mumps

Mumps is an infection that causes painful swelling on the cheeks and neck. It usually gets better within 2 weeks but sometimes it causes other...
Condition
Munchausen syndrome

Munchausen syndrome is a disorder where someone pretends to be ill or induces symptoms of illness in themselves.
Condition
Muscular dystrophy

Muscular dystrophy is a rare genetic condition that causes muscle weakness that gets worse over time. There is currently no cure, but treatment can help...
Condition
Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)

Myalgic encephalomyelitis, also called chronic fatigue syndrome or ME/CFS, is a long-term conditionthat can affect different parts of the body. The most common symptom is...
Condition
Myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis is a rare long-term condition that causes muscle weakness.
Condition
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), also called myelodysplasia, is a type of blood cancer. It's rare and mostly affects people over 70 years old.
Condition
Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that affects your bones and different parts of your body.
Condition
Myositis

Myositis is the name for a group of rare conditions that cause weak muscles. It slowly gets worse over time, but treatment with medicines and...
Condition
Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a rare long-term brain condition that can prevent a person from choosing when to wake or sleep.
Condition
Nasal and sinus cancer

Nasal and sinus cancer is a rare cancer that starts in the space behind your nose (nasal cavity) or in your sinuses.
Condition
Nasal polyps

Nasal polyps are painless soft growths inside your nose. They're not usually serious, but they can keep growing and block your nose if not treated.
Condition
Nasopharyngeal cancer

Nasopharyngeal cancer is a rare type of cancer that affects the part of the throat connecting the back of the nose to the back of the...
Condition
Necrotising fasciitis

Necrotising fasciitis, also known as the "flesh-eating disease", is a rare and life-threatening infection that can happen if a wound gets infected. It needs to...
Condition
Neonatal herpes (herpes in a baby)

Neonatal herpes is a herpes infection in a young baby. The younger the baby, the more vulnerable they are to the harmful effects of infection.
Condition
Nephrotic syndrome in children

Nephrotic syndrome is a condition that causes the kidneys to leak large amounts of protein into the urine. This can lead to a range of problems, including swelling of...
Condition
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic condition where tumours grow on the nerves and skin. There’s currently no cure, but treatment can help manage...
Condition
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), also known as NF2-related schwannomatosis, is a rare genetic condition where non-cancerous tumours grow on nerves in your brain, inner ear...
Condition
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare autoimmune condition that affects the nerves in your eyes and spinal cord. There's no cure, but treatments can help...
Condition
Newborn jaundice

Jaundice in newborn babies is common and usually harmless. It causes yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. The medical term for...
Condition
Newborn respiratory distress syndrome

Newborn respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) happens when a baby's lungs are not fully developed and cannot provide enough oxygen, causing breathing difficulties. It usually affects premature...
Condition
Night terrors and nightmares

Many children have nightmares and night terrors, but most grow out of them. Some adults also can also have them.
Condition
Noise sensitivity (hyperacusis)

Hyperacusis is when everyday sounds seem much louder to you than they should. Treatment can help. See a GP if you think you have hyperacusis.
Condition
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition where fat builds up in your liver. It's often linked to being overweight and can usually...
Condition
Non-allergic rhinitis

Non-allergic rhinitis happens when the inside of your nose becomes irritated, causing a blocked or runny nose. It can be treated with medicines from a...
Condition
Non-cancerous (benign) brain tumours

A brain tumour is where cells in the brain grow in an uncontrolled way. Non-cancerous tumours (also called low-grade or benign tumours) usually grow slowly...
Condition
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of cancer that develops in the lymphatic system, a network of vessels and glands spread throughout your body.
Condition
Non-melanoma skin cancer

Find out about non-melanoma skin cancer, including what the symptoms are, what causes it, and how it's diagnosed and treated.
Condition
Noonan syndrome

Noonan syndrome is a genetic condition that can cause a wide range of distinctive features and health problems.
Condition
Norovirus (vomiting bug)

Norovirus, also called the winter vomiting bug, is a stomach bug that causes vomiting and diarrhoea. It can be very unpleasant, but usually gets better...
Condition
Nosebleed

Nosebleeds are not usually a sign of anything serious. They're common, particularly in children, and most can be easily treated at home.
Condition
Obesity

The term obese describes a person who has excess body fat.
Condition
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

Find out about obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), what causes it, where to get help, and what the main treatments are.
Condition
Oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula

Oesophageal atresia is a rare birth defect that affects a baby's oesophagus (the tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach).
Condition
Oesophageal cancer

Find out about oesophageal cancer, including what the symptoms are, what causes it and how it's diagnosed and treated.
Condition
Oral thrush (mouth thrush)

Oral thrush is usually harmless. It's common in babies and also older people with dentures. It can be treated with antifungal medicine.
Condition
Orf

Orf is a skin infection you can get from infected sheep or goats. It most often affects the fingers, hands, forearms or face. It usually...
Condition
Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a condition that causes joints to become painful and stiff. It's the most common type ofarthritisin the UK.
Condition
Osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis is a painful bone infection. It usually goes away if treated early with antibiotics. It can cause serious long-term problems if it's not treated.
Condition
Osteophyte (bone spur)

Osteophytes (bone spurs) are bony lumps that grow on the bones in the spine or around joints. They form when a joint or bone has...
Condition
Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a health condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to break. It develops slowly over several years and is often only diagnosed...
Condition
Otosclerosis

Otosclerosis is a problem with the bones inside the ear which causes gradual hearing loss. Hearing aids or surgery will usually improve your hearing and...
Condition
Ovarian cancer

It's important to get anysymptoms of ovarian cancerchecked as soon as possible. Finding it early can mean it's more treatable.
Condition
Ovarian cyst

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on an ovary. They're very common and do not usually cause any symptoms.
Condition
Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)

An overactive thyroid, also known as hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis, is where the thyroid gland produces too much of the thyroid hormones.
Condition
Paget's disease of bone

Paget's disease of bone disrupts the normal cycle of bone renewal, causing bones to become weakened and possibly deformed.
Condition
Paget's disease of the nipple

Paget's disease of the nipple, also known as Paget's disease of the breast, is a rare condition associated with breast cancer.
Condition
Pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a cancer that's found anywhere in the pancreas.
Condition
Panic disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder where you regularly have sudden attacks of panic or fear.
Condition
Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is a condition in which parts of the brain become progressively damaged over many years.
Condition
Patau's syndrome

Patau's syndrome is a serious, rare genetic disorder caused by having an additional copy of chromosome 13 in some or all of the body's cells....
Condition
Pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection that affects a woman's womb, fallopian tubes and ovaries. It can affect anyone with a womb. If it's...
Condition
Pelvic organ prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse is when your womb, bladder or bowel bulge into the vagina. Treatments and lifestyle changes can help manage it.
Condition
Pemphigus vulgaris

Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare long-term condition caused by a problem with the immune system. It causes blisters in the mouth and on the skin....
Condition
Penile cancer

Penile cancer affects the penis. It's very rare and mostly affects men aged over 50 years old.
Condition
Perforated eardrum

A perforated (burst) eardrum isa hole or tear in your eardrum. It usually gets better on its ownwithin 2 months, but you may need treatment...
Condition
Pericarditis

Pericarditisis inflammation of the lining around your heart, which causes chest pain. It's not usually serious, but it can sometimes cause serious health problems. Get...
Condition
Periods

A period is the part of the menstrual cycle when a woman bleeds from her vagina for a few days.
Condition
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common condition where a build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries restricts blood supply to leg muscles. It's also...
Condition
Peripheral neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy develops when nerves in the body's extremities, such as the hands, feet and arms, are damaged. The symptoms depend on which nerves are affected.
Condition
Peritonitis

Peritonitis is an infection of the inner lining of your tummy. Left untreated, it can become life threatening.
Condition
Personality disorders

A person with a personality disorder thinks, feels, behaves or relates to others very differently from the average person.
Condition
Peyronie's disease

Peyronie's disease is a condition that causes your penis to curve when it's erect. It can be painful but there are treatments to ease the...
Condition
Phaeochromocytoma

A phaeochromocytoma is a rare tumour of the adrenal glands, which sit above the kidneys.
Condition
Phlebitis (superficial thrombophlebitis)

Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein near the surface of the skin. It’s not usually serious and often gets better on its own after 1...
Condition
Phobias

A phobia is an overwhelming and debilitating fear of an object, place, situation, feeling or animal.
Condition
Piles (haemorrhoids)

Piles (haemorrhoids) are lumps inside and around your bottom (anus). They often get better on their own after a few days. There are things you...
Condition
Pilonidal sinus

A pilonidal sinus is a small hole or tunnel at the top of your bottom, between your buttocks. Treatment is usually only needed if it...
Condition
PIP breast implants

PIP breast implants were withdrawn from the UK in 2010 after it was found they had been fraudulently manufactured with unapproved silicone gel, and were...
Condition
Pityriasis rosea

Pityriasis rosea is a common skin rash. It's mild and usually goes away on its own without treatment.
Condition
Pityriasis versicolor

Pityriasis versicolor is a common fungal skin infection. It's sometimes also called tinea versicolor. A GP can prescribe treatment for it, but it can keep...
Condition
Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly (flat head syndrome)

Babies sometimes develop a flattened head when they're a few months old, usually as a result of them spending a lot of time lying on their back.
Condition
Plantar fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis is a condition that causes pain on the bottom of your foot, around your heel and arch. You can usually ease the pain...
Condition
Pleurisy

Pleurisy is inflammation around the lungs, which causes sharp chest pain. It's easy to treat and usually gets better in a few days, but can...
Condition
PMS (premenstrual syndrome)

PMS (premenstrual syndrome) is the name for the symptoms women can experience in the weeks before their period. It can affect anyone who has periods....
Condition
Pneumonia

Pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs, usually caused by an infection. Most people get better in 2 to 4 weeks, but babies, older people, and...
Condition
Poisoning

Poisoning can happen if you swallow, touch, or breathe in substances that can be harmful, such as chemicals or medicines. Get medical advice immediately if...
Condition
Polio

Polio is a serious infection that's now very rare because of the vaccination programme. It's only found in a few countries and the chance of...
Condition
Polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition that affects how a woman's ovaries work.
Condition
Polyhydramnios (too much amniotic fluid)

Polyhydramnios is when there's too much amniotic fluid (the fluid that surrounds the baby in the womb) during pregnancy. It's not usually serious and there's...
Condition
Polymorphic light eruption

Polymorphic light eruption (also called polymorphous light eruption) is a skin rash that can happen after being in the sun. It usually goes away on...
Condition
Polymyalgia rheumatica

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a condition that causes pain, stiffness and inflammation in the muscles around the shoulders, neck and hips.
Condition
Pompholyx (dyshidrotic eczema)

Pompholyx (also called dyshidrotic eczema) is a type of eczema that affects the hands or feet. It's usually a long-term condition, but treatment can help...
Condition
Post-herpetic neuralgia

Post-herpetic neuralgia is long lasting pain that can happen after having shingles. It usually gets better gradually, and there are treatments that can help.
Condition
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition caused by very stressful, frightening or distressing events.
Condition
Postnatal depression

Postnatal depression is a type of depression that parents can have after having a baby.
Condition
Postpartum psychosis

Postpartum psychosis is a serious mental health illness that can affect someone soon after having a baby.It affects around 1 in 1,000 mothers after giving...
Condition
Postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS)

Postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS) is when your heart rate increases very quickly after getting up from sitting or lying down, often making you feel dizzy...
Condition
Prader-Willi syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare genetic condition that causes a wide range of physical symptoms, learning difficulties and behavioural challenges. It's usually noticed shortly after...
Condition
Pre-eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia is a condition that affects some pregnant women, usually during the second half of pregnancy (from 20 weeks) or soon after their baby is delivered.
Condition
Pressure ulcers (pressure sores)

Pressure ulcers (pressure sores or bed sores) are areas of damage to your skin and the tissue underneath. You have a higher chance of getting...
Condition
Primary biliary cholangitis (primary biliary cirrhosis)

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, often referred to as primary biliary cirrhosis) is a type of liver disease that can get gradually worse over time. Without...
Condition
Problems swallowing pills

Lots of people find it hard to swallow pills. There are things you can try to make it easier and a pharmacist can offer advice.
Condition
Progressive supranuclear palsy

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurological condition that can cause problems with balance, movement, vision, speech and swallowing.
Condition
Prosopagnosia (face blindness)

Prosopagnosia, also called face blindness, is a condition where you have difficulty recognising people's faces. There is no treatment, but there are things you can...
Condition
Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer affects the prostate gland under the bladder and usually happens to men over 50 years old. There are different treatments and it can...
Condition
Prostatitis

Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate, which is a small gland found below the bladder in men. It can be serious and needs urgent medical...
Condition
Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes flaky patches of skin which form scales.
Condition
Psoriatic arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis is a long-term condition that causes joint pain, swelling and stiffness. Medicines can help treat the symptoms.
Condition
Psychosis

Read about psychosis, a mental health problem that causes people to perceive or interpret things differently from those around them.
Condition
Psychotic depression

Some people who have severe depression may also experience hallucinations and delusional thinking, the symptoms of psychosis.
Condition
Pubic lice

Pubic lice are tiny insects that can live on body hair, especially the pubic hair around the penis or vagina. They're spread through close body...
Condition
Pudendal neuralgia

Pudendal neuralgia is nerve pain in the genitals, bottom, anus or pelvis. It can last a long time, but there are treatments that can help.
Condition
Pulmonary embolism

A pulmonary embolism is when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel in your lungs. It can be life-threatening if not treated quickly.
Condition
Pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in theblood vessels that supply the lungs (pulmonary arteries).
Condition
Pyoderma gangrenosum

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare skin condition that causes large, painful ulcers. Treatment from a GP or skin specialist can help.
Condition
Q fever

Q fever is a bacterial infection you can catch from infected farm animals such as sheep, cattle and goats. It's usually harmless, but it can...
Condition
Rabies

Rabies is a rare but serious infection that's usually caught from a bite or scratch of an infected animal. It's almost always fatal once symptoms...
Condition
Raynaud's

Raynaud's phenomenon is where your blood stops flowing properly to your fingers and toes. It's common and does not usually cause severe problems. You can...
Condition
Reactive arthritis

Reactive arthritis is where your joints become sore and swollen after you've had an infection. It usually goes away within 6 months, but it can...
Condition
Reflux in babies

Reflux is when a baby brings up milk, or is sick, during or shortly after feeding. It's very common and usually gets better on its...
Condition
Repetitive strain injury (RSI)

Repetitive strain injury (RSI) is a term sometimes used for pain caused by repeated movement of part of the body. It often gets better on...
Condition
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of coughs and colds. RSV infections usually get better by themselves, but can sometimes be serious for...
Condition
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs)

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infections of parts of the body involved in breathing, such as the sinuses, throat, airways or lungs. Most RTIs get...
Condition
Restless legs syndrome

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a condition where you have a strong urge to move your legs, usually when resting at night. Treatment depends on...
Condition
Restricted growth (dwarfism)

Restricted growth, also called dwarfism or short stature, is when you are shorter than most people. It has many different causes. Treatment depends on what's...
Condition
Retinal migraine

Retinal migraines are a type of migraine that affect the eyes. They can cause temporary vision loss in 1 eye and other eye symptoms.
Condition
Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma is a rare type of eye cancer that can affect young children. It affects the retina, which is at the back of the eye.
Condition
Rett syndrome

Rett syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects brain development, resulting in severe mental and physical disability.
Condition
Reye's syndrome

Reye's syndrome is a very rare condition that can affect children or young adults after they've had an illness like flu or chickenpox. It can...
Condition
Rhesus disease

Rhesus disease is a condition where antibodies in a pregnant woman's blood destroy her baby's blood cells. It's also known as haemolytic disease of the foetus and...
Condition
Rheumatic fever

Rheumatic fever is a very rare complication that can develop after a bacterial throat infection. It mainly affects children, and can cause painful joints and...
Condition
Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term condition that causes pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints. The condition usually affects the hands, feet and wrists.
Condition
Rickets and osteomalacia

Rickets is where a child's bones become weak and soft. It's usually caused by not getting enough vitamin D or calcium. In adults it's called...
Condition
Ringworm

Ringworm is a common fungal infection. It's not caused by worms. You can usually buy medicine from a pharmacy to treat it.
Condition
Rosacea

Rosacea is a long-term skin condition that mainly affects the face. It's more common in women and people with lighter skin, but symptoms can be...
Condition
Roseola

Roseola is a very common infection that mainly affects babies and toddlers. It usually causes a high temperature and a rash. You can normally look...
Condition
Rubella (german measles)

Rubella (german measles) is a rare illness that causes a spotty rash. It usually gets better in about a week, but it can be serious...
Condition
Salivary gland stones

Salivary gland stones are small stones that form in salivary glands in your mouth and can block the flow of saliva (spit). They're not usually...
Condition
Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a rare condition that causes small patches of swollen tissue, called granulomas, to develop in the organs of the body. It often affects...
Condition
Scabies

Scabies is an itchy rash caused by mites. It's spread through close skin contact, and anyone can get it. It should be treated quickly to...
Condition
Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is a contagious infection that mostly affects young children. It's easily treated with antibiotics.
Condition
Scars

A scar is a mark on the skin after a wound or injury has healed. You cannot get rid of a scar, butmost will fade...
Condition
Schistosomiasis (bilharzia)

Schistosomiasis, also called bilharzia, is an infection caused by tiny worms that live in ponds, lakes and rivers. It's not found in the UK, but...
Condition
Schizophrenia

Read about schizophrenia, a long-term mental health condition where you may see, hear or believe things that are not real.
Condition
Sciatica

Sciatica happens when the sciatic nerve, which runs from your lower back to your feet, is irritated or compressed. It usually gets better in a...
Condition
Scleroderma

Scleroderma is the name for a range of conditions that affect your immune system (autoimmune conditions) and can cause hard, thickened areas of skin and sometimes...
Condition
Scoliosis

Scoliosis is where the spine twists and curves to the side.
Condition
Scurvy

Scurvy (severe vitamin C deficiency) is rare as most people get enough vitamin C in their diet. It's usually easy to treat.
Condition
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that usually happens in the winter. Treatments include antidepressants, talking therapies and light therapy.
Condition
Selective mutism

Selective mutism is an anxiety disorder where a person is unable to speak in certain social situations, such as with classmates at school or to...
Condition
Sepsis

Sepsis is life threatening. It can be hard to spot.
Condition
Septic arthritis

Septic arthritis is a serious type of joint infection. It should be treated as soon as possible. You can make a full recovery with treatment...
Condition
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common and can be passed on during sex or through sexual contact. They can usually be treated at a sexual...
Condition
Shin splints

Shin splints is a type of shin pain, usually caused by exercise. It's not serious and there are things you can do to help get...
Condition
Shingles

Shingles is an infection that causes a painful rash. Get advice from a pharmacist or NHS 111 as soon as possible if you think you...
Condition
Short-sightedness (myopia)

Short-sightedness (myopia) is a very common eye condition where you cannot see objects far away clearly. It's usually corrected with glasses or contact lenses.
Condition
Shoulder impingement

Shoulder impingement is where a tendon inside your shoulder swells and rubs against tissue or bone, causing pain as you lift your arm. It can...
Condition
Sick building syndrome

Sick building syndrome is the name for symptoms you get while you're in a particular building. It usually happens in an office, but you can...
Condition
Sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease is the name for a group of inherited health conditions that affect the red blood cells. The most serious type is called...
Condition
Silicosis

Silicosis is a long-term lung disease caused by inhaling large amounts of crystalline silica dust, usually over many years.
Condition
Sinusitis (sinus infection)

Sinusitis is swelling of the sinuses, usually caused by an infection. It's common and usually clears up on its own within 4 weeks. But medicines...
Condition
Sjögren's syndrome

Sjögren's syndrome (also known as Sjögren's disease) is a condition where the glands that produce fluid, such as tears and spit (saliva), stop working properly....
Condition
Skin abscess

A skin abscess is a painful lump on the skin that contains pus. Some abscesses go away by themselves, but you may need to get...
Condition
Skin cyst

Skin cysts are round lumps, often filled with fluid or pus. They're usually harmless and often do not need treatment. But see a GP if...
Condition
Skin picking disorder

Also called dermatillomania or excoriation disorder, skin picking disorder is where you cannot stop picking at your skin. There are things you can try to...
Condition
Skin tags

Skin tags are soft, skin-coloured growths on the skin. They are very common and are usually small and harmless.
Condition
Slapped cheek syndrome

Slapped cheek syndrome (also called fifth disease) is common in children and should get better on its own within 3 weeks. It's rarer in adults,...
Condition
Sleep apnoea

Sleep apnoea is when your breathing stops and starts while you sleep. The most common type is called obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Sleep apnoea needs...
Condition
Sleep paralysis

Sleep paralysis is when you cannot move or speak as you are waking up or falling asleep. It can be scary but it's harmless and...
Condition
Sleepwalking

Sleepwalking is when you get up and move around while you're asleep. It does not usually need treatment, but it's important to keep yourself safe.
Condition
Slipped disc

A slipped disc, also called a prolapsed or herniated disc, is when a soft cushion of tissue between the bones in your spine bulges outwards....
Condition
Snake bites

Most snake bites in the UK are not serious. But it's important to get all snake bites checked as soon as possible.
Condition
Social anxiety (social phobia)

Social anxiety disorder, also called social phobia, is a long-term and overwhelming fear of social situations.
Condition
Soft tissue sarcoma

Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that starts in soft tissue, such as muscle and fat.
Condition
Spina bifida

Spina bifida happens when a baby’s spine and spinal cord do not fully develop in the womb. It's usually diagnosed in pregnancy or just after...
Condition
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic condition that can cause muscle weakness. It gets worse over time, but there are medicines and other...
Condition
Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis is where one of the bones in your spine, called a vertebra, slips forward. It can be painful, but there are treatments that can...
Condition
Sprains and strains

Sprains and strains are common injuries affecting the muscles and ligaments. Most can be treated at home without seeing a GP.
Condition
Squint

A squint, also called strabismus, is where the eyes point in different directions. It's particularly common in young children, but can happen at any age.
Condition
Stammering

Stammering, also sometimes referred to as stuttering, affects speech and is relatively common in childhood. It can also can persist into adulthood.
Condition
Staph infection

Staph infections are caused by bacteria called staphylococcus. They most often affect the skin. They can go away on their own, but sometimes need to...
Condition
Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare but serious skin reaction that's usually caused by taking certain medicines. It needs to be treated immediately in hospital.
Condition
Stillbirth

A stillbirth is when a baby is born dead after 24 completed weeks of pregnancy. It happens in around 1 in every 250 births in England.
Condition
Stomach cancer

It’s important to get anysymptoms of stomach cancerchecked as soon as possible.
Condition
Stomach ulcer

Stomach ulcers (also called peptic or gastric ulcers) are sores in the stomach. They can be serious, but most people recover with treatment.
Condition
Strep A

Strep A is a common type of bacteria. Most strep A infections are mild and easily treated, but some are more serious.
Condition
Stretch marks

Stretch marks are very common. They're harmless and often get less visible over time.
Condition
Stroke

A stroke is when blood stops flowing to a part of your brain. It can affect things like speech and movement, and take a long...
Condition
Stye

A stye is a small, painful lump on the eyelid. They're common and should go away within a week. Styes are rarely a sign of...
Condition
Subarachnoid haemorrhage

A subarachnoid haemorrhage is a rare but life-threatening type of stroke that needs emergency treatment. Find out about the symptoms, causes and recovery.
Condition
Subdural haematoma

A subdural haematoma is bleeding inside the brain usually caused by a head injury. It can be very serious and usually has to be treated...
Condition
Sunburn

Sunburn is damage to the skin caused by too much sun. You can treat it yourself. It usually gets better within 7 days.
Condition
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a condition where your heart suddenly beats much faster than normal. It's not usually serious, but some people may need treatment.
Condition
Swollen ankles, feet and legs (oedema)

Swelling in the ankles, feet or legs often goes away on its own. See a GP if it does not get better in a few...
Condition
Swollen arms and hands (oedema)

Swelling in the arms or hands (oedema) can sometimes get better on its own. See a GP if it does not go away, you're worried...
Condition
Syphilis

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). If it's not treated, it can cause serious and potentially life-threatening problems.
Condition
Tailbone (coccyx) pain

Tailbone pain is pain in the bone at the base of the spine (coccyx), near the top of your bottom. There are things you can...
Condition
Temporal arteritis

Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis) is where the arteries, particularly those at the side of the head (the temples), become inflamed. It's serious and needs...
Condition
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a condition affecting the movement of the jaw. It's not usually serious and generally gets better on its own.
Condition
Tendonitis

Tendonitis is when a tendon swells (becomes inflamed) after an injury. It can cause joint pain and stiffness, and affect how a tendon moves. You...
Condition
Tennis elbow

Tennis elbow is a condition that causes pain around the outside of the elbow. It usually goes away with rest but can sometimes last over...
Condition
Tension headaches

Tension headaches are very common and many people get them. You can treat them yourself with painkillers but see a GP if you have several...
Condition
Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer is cancer that's found in the testicles.
Condition
Tetanus

Tetanus is a serious, life-threatening condition caused by bacteria getting into a wound. It's rare in the UK because the tetanus vaccine has been part...
Condition
Thalassaemia

Thalassaemia is the name for a group of inherited conditions that affect a substance in the blood called haemoglobin.
Condition
The 'male menopause'

Some men develop depression, loss of sex drive, erectile dysfunction, and other physical and emotional symptoms when they reach their late 40s to early 50s.
Condition
Thoracic outlet syndrome

Thoracic outlet syndrome is where nerves or blood vessels near the top of the ribs get squashed. It can be treated with physiotherapy and medicine.
Condition
Threadworms

Threadworms (pinworms) are tiny worms in your poo. They're common in children and spread easily. You can treat them without seeing a GP.
Condition
Thrombophilia

Thrombophilia is a condition where your blood clots more easily. It can usually be treated with medicines that help prevent blood clots.
Condition
Thrush in men and women

Thrush is a common yeast infection that affects men and women. It's usually harmless but it can be uncomfortable and keep coming back. It is...
Condition
Thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer is cancer that's found in the thyroid gland. It's quite rare in the UK.
Condition
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection spread by tick bites. Ticks infected with the virus are found in parts of Europe (including the UK)...
Condition
Tics

Tics are fast, repetitive muscle movements that result in sudden and difficult to control body jolts or sounds.
Condition
Tight foreskin (phimosis)

It's normal for babies and young boys to have a tight foreskin (phimosis), but adults can also be affected. See a GP if your or...
Condition
Tinnitus

Tinnitus is the name for hearing noises that do not come from an outside source. It's not usually a sign of anything serious and may...
Condition
Tongue-tie

Tongue-tie is where the piece of skin connecting the tongue to the bottom of the mouth is shorter or tighter than usual. It's most common...
Condition
Tonsillitis

Tonsillitis is an infection of the tonsils at the sides of your throat. It's a common childhood illness, but teenagers and adults can get it...
Condition
Tooth decay

Tooth decay is often caused by having too much sugary food and drink and not cleaning your teeth and gums regularly. See a dentist as...
Condition
Tourette syndrome

Tourette syndrome is a condition that causes you to make sudden, repetitive sounds or movements (tics). There is no cure, but treatment can help manage...
Condition
Toxic shock syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but life-threatening condition caused by an infection. It can happen when using a tampon or menstrual cup, or...
Condition
Toxocariasis

Toxocariasis is an infection caused by small worms found in the poo of some dogs, cats and foxes. It's rare but can sometimes cause serious...
Condition
Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is a common infection that you can catch from the poo of infected cats, or infected meat. It's usually harmless but can cause serious...
Condition
Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)

A transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or "mini stroke" is caused by a temporary disruption in the blood supply to part of the brain.
Condition
Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis, sometimes called trich, is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) passed on though vaginal sex or sharing sex toys. It can cause serious problems if...
Condition
Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder)

Trichotillomania, also known as trich or TTM, is when someone cannot resist the urge to pull out their hair.
Condition
Trigeminal neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia is sudden, severe facial pain. It's often describedas a sharp shooting pain or like having an electric shock in the jaw, teeth or...
Condition
Trigger finger

Trigger finger is where your finger or thumb gets stuck in in a bent position. It can get better on its own, but sometimes may...
Condition
Tuberculosis (TB)

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection that usually affects the lungs. It can be treated with antibiotics but can be serious if not treated. There's a...
Condition
Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome is a rare genetic condition that only affects females and is usually diagnosed at birth. There is currently no cure but treatment and...
Condition
Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is a condition where your body cannot make a hormone called insulin. This causes the level of glucose (sugar) in your blood...
Condition
Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is when a hormone called insulin does not work properly or there is not enough of it. This causes the level of...
Condition
Typhoid fever

Typhoid fever is an infection spread through unclean food or water. It can cause serious problems if not treated. You should have a typhoid vaccination...
Condition
Typhus

Typhus is an infection spread by lice, fleas or mites. It's very rare in the UK. It can be serious, but most people make a...
Condition
Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a long-term condition where the colon and rectum become inflamed.
Condition
Umbilical hernia

An umbilical hernia is a bulge in the tummy caused by part of the bowel, or surrounding fat, pushing through a weakness in the muscles.
Condition
Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)

An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) is a common condition where the thyroid gland in your neck does not make enough hormones. This can cause symptoms like...
Condition
Undescended testicles

Undescended testicles are where the testicles are not in the usual place in the scrotum. It’s common in young boys, and the testicles often move...
Condition
Urethritis

Urethritis is when the tube that carries pee from the bladder out of the body (urethra) becomes swollen and sore. It'soften caused by asexuallytransmittedinfection (STI)....
Condition
Urinary incontinence

Urinary incontinence is the unintentional passing of urine. It's a common problem thought to affect millions of people.
Condition
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect your urinary tract, including your bladder (cystitis), urethra (urethritis) or kidneys (kidney infection). UTIs may be treated with antibiotics, but...
Condition
Uveitis

Uveitis, also known as iritis, is a rare condition that causes inflammation inside part of your eye.
Condition
Vaginal cancer

It's important to get anysymptoms of vaginal cancerchecked as soon as possible.
Condition
Vaginismus

Vaginismus is when the vagina suddenly tightens up when you try to insert something into it. It can be painful and upsetting, but it can...
Condition
Vaginitis

Vaginitis is soreness and swelling in and around the vagina. It's common and usually treatable.
Condition
Varicose eczema

Varicose eczema, also known as venous, gravitational or stasis eczema, is a long-term skin condition that affects the lower legs. It's common in people with varicose veins.
Condition
Varicose veins

Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins under the skin, usually on the legs. They're common and are not usually serious, but there are treatments that...
Condition
Vascular dementia

Vascular dementia is a common type of dementia caused by reduced blood flow to the brain. It's estimated to affect around 180,000 people in the UK.
Condition
Vasculitis

Vasculitis is the name of a group of conditions that cause inflammation of the blood vessels.
Condition
Venous leg ulcer

A leg ulcer is a long-lasting (chronic) sore that takes more than 2 weeks to heal. It usually develops on the inside of the leg, between...
Condition
Vertigo

Vertigo often gets better without treatment. See a GP if it keeps coming back or is affecting your daily life.
Condition
Vision loss

Vision loss affects how well you see. The causes of vision loss can often be treated, but sometimes it may be permanent. Get your sight...
Condition
Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia

Vitamin B12 or B9 (commonly called folate) deficiency anaemia occurs when a lack of vitamin B12 or folate causes the body to produce abnormally large red...
Condition
Vitiligo

Vitiligo is a long-term condition where pale white patches develop on the skin. It's caused by the lack of melanin, which is the pigment in...
Condition
Von Willebrand disease

Von Willebrand disease is an inherited condition where your blood does not clot properly, so you bleed more easily. There's no cure but most people...
Condition
Vulval cancer

Find out about vulval cancer, including common symptoms and treatments.
Condition
Vulvodynia (vulval pain)

Vulvodynia is pain in the vulva (area around the outside of the vagina) that lasts at least 3 months and does not have a specific...
Condition
Warts and verrucas

Warts and verrucas are small lumps on the skin that most people have at some point in their life. They usually go away on their...
Condition
Whiplash

Whiplash is a neck injury caused by sudden movement of the head. It usually gets better within 2 to 3 months.
Condition
Whooping cough

Whooping cough (pertussis) is an infection of the lungs and breathing tubes. It spreads very easily and can be serious. It's important for babies, children...
Condition
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a heart condition that can cause a very fast heartbeat. It's not usually serious but you may need treatment if symptoms are...
Condition
Womb (uterus) cancer

It's important to get anysymptoms of womb cancerchecked as soon as possible. Finding it earlier makes it easier to treat.
Condition
Yellow fever

Yellow fever is a serious infection spread by mosquitoes. It's found in certain areas of Africa and South and Central America. You should have a...
Condition
Zika virus

Zika virus is mainly spread by mosquitoes found in some parts of the world. For most people it's mild and not harmful, but it can...